Hypocretin. It’s a neuropeptide that usually doesn’t get a
lot of press, but it plays a pivotal role in regulating essential physiological
functions like sleep, wakefulness and appetite.
But, what else is impacted by hypocretin? Does it affect our
health in other ways? Recently, a team of scientists from the National
Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) wanted to answer those same questions to better
understand how hypocretin influences other aspects of health, specifically
addiction.
Their findings were published in Biological Psychiatry and the research suggests that blocking hypocretin signaling may reduce cravings for cocaine and this
could possibly pave the way for new treatment therapies.
To conduct the study, the lead author, Dr. Brooke
Schmeichel, and his team set up an experiment that enabled rats to
self-administer cocaine by pressing a simple lever. One group was given
short-term access (1 hour) and another was given more access (6 hours) to the
drug. The team of scientists also injected the rats with a hypocretin antagonist,
a compound that blocked the brain’s ability to use the neuropeptide.
As a result, the rats who could access cocaine for longer
durations exhibited a substantial decline in self-administered drug use. These findings suggest that the hypocretin/orexin (HCRT)
system of the brain may play an important role in cocaine abuse and
addiction.
"The more that we learn about the brain, the more that
we learn that brain signaling mechanisms that play a particular defined
function, such as a role in wakefulness or appetite, often play important roles
in other functions, such as addiction," said professor John Krystal, editor
of Biological Psychiatry.
Given that cocaine addiction is a pervasive condition that directly
affects thousands of Americans (and their friends, family and loved ones), it’s
important to continue to invest in research exploring new treatment
methodologies and therapies.
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